Interventi

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AFRICA: 54 COUNTRIES, ONE UNION

Beijing, October 24-25, 2013

Organizzatori:

 Institute of West-Asian and African Studies of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University

 The Wilson Center

Foundation for World Wide Cooperation

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Giovedi 24 ottobre, 2013

4 pm – 6 pm: Cerimonia di apertura

Beijing International Hotel Convention Center

9号 Jianguomen Inner Street, Dongcheng, Beijing

4.15 – 5.50 pm Considerazioni di Apertura

Presiede: Yang Guang, Director-General, Institue of West Asian and African Studies (IWAAS)

Oratori:

Zhao Shengxuan, Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)

Romano Prodi, Chairman of the Foundation for World Wide Cooperation and Special Envoy of the UN SG for the Sahel

Zhou Pingjian, Deputy Director-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China

Erastus Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson, African Union Commission

José Costa Pereira, Head of the Pan-African Division of European External Action Service (EEAS)

Cao Jiachang, Deputy Director-General of the Ministry of Commerce of China

Alberto Bradanini, Italian Ambassador to China and Mongolia

Liu Guijin, Former Ambassador of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China

Maria Rendon-Labadan, USAID Counsellor, Beijing

Steve McDonald, Africa Program Director, The Wilson Center

Winrich Kühne, SAIS Europe, Johns Hopkins University

Fatima Harrak, President of the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa

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Venerdi 25 ottobre, 2013

9 am – 6 pm: Working Sessions

IWAAS Headquarters – Beijing

No.3 Zhang Zizhong Lu, Beijing

Ogni sessione è stata seguita da una discussione

9.00 – 10.00 am Sessione 1: Panoramica

Presiede: Yang Guang, Director-General, IWAAS

Keynote: Romano Prodi, Chairman of the Foundation for World Wide Cooperation and Special Envoy of the UN SG for the Sahel

Oratori:

Joseph Atta-Mensah, Director, Office of Strategic Planning and Programme Management, UNECA

José Costa Pereira, Head of the Pan-African Division of EEAS

He Wenping, Snr. Research Fellow, IWAAS: Anti-Terrorism, External Intervention and African Security

David Shinn, former US Ambassador, Professor – George Washington University

10.15 – 11.15 am Sessione 2: Pace e Sicurezza in Africa

Presiede: Erastus Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson, African Union

Oratori:

Dr. Njunga Mulikita, Copperbelt University of Zambia: SADC’s Conribution to African Union Peace and Security Architecture – Issue and Challenges

Li Xinfeng, Snr. Research Fellow, IWAAS: Promoting Peace and Development of North Sudan and South Sudan through China-US Cooperation

Charles Onunaiju, International Department Director of People’s Daily of Nigeria: Consolidation of China-African Cooperation and Its Contribution to Peace and Security in Africa

Mohamed Salih, Deputy Rector of the International Institute of Social Studies, The Netherlands

Li Zhibiao, Snr. Research Fellow, IWAAS: African Integration Facing the Double Challenges of Internal Split and External Division

Isaac Olawale Albert, Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program of Ibadan University, Nigeria: China and the Mantra of “African Solution to African Problems”

11.15 – 12.30 pm Sessione 3: Infrastrutture ed Integrazione in Africa (Parte 1)

Presiede: Amadou Niang, Director, MDG Center, West and Central Africa

Oratori:

Yu Zhende, Deputy General Manager of the International Department, China State Construction Engineering Corporation: The Role of Infrastructure Inter-Connection in the African Integration Process

Maud Arnould, Advisor on Pan-African Issues to the EU Commissioner

Adama Deen, Head of Transport Program, NEPAD

Wang Chengan, Vice President of the Chinese Association for African Studies: Helping African Economic and Social Development by Supporting African Infrastructure Construction

Khalid Ali El Amin, Associate Professor, Khartoum University: Transport Infrastructure and Development – Implications for Integration and Security in Africa

Ding Zhengguo, Assistant General Manager, Sinohydro Group Ltd.: Intensifying Construction of Transnational and Cross-Regional Infrastructure and Promoting Development of Shared Benefits

Leben Nelson Moro, Director of International Relations Department, Juba University: Connecting Landlocked South Sudan to International Markets – Opportunities and Challenges

Mohamed Saliha Maiga, Director, INFET, Bamako

2.00 – 3.15 pm Sessione 3: Infrastrutture ed Integrazione in Africa (Parte 2)

Presiede: Zhang Yongpeng, Snr. Research Fellow, IWAAS

Oratori:

Liu Hongwu, Professor of Zhejiang Normal University: Experiences and Lessons of Chinese Infrastructure Construction Over the Past 30 Years and the Inspiration for China-Africa Cooperation

Joseph Onjala, Snr. Research Fellow, Nairobi University: Transport Infrastructure Integration in Eastern Africa –Security Implications for the Indian Ocean Rim

Yao Guimei, Snr. Research Fellow, IWAAS: China’s Participating Strategy for the Construction of Transnational Infrastructures in Africa

Lucy Jane Corkin, Strategic Analyst, Rand Merchant Bank: Reconstructing Africa’s Regional Infrastructure: Challenges to Localization

Huang Jianhui, Vice President of the Research Institute of the State Development Bank: Ideas on the State Development Bank’s Support to the Construction of Transnational and Cross-Regional Infrastructures in Africa

Songoyi Manandi, Lecturer and Dean of Dodoma University, Tanzania: The Amazing Power of Language as an Infrastructural Element of Integration – The Case of Kiswahili Language in the East African Regional Integration

Xu Weizhong, Snr. Research Fellow, China Institute for Contemporary International Relations Studies: Chinese Participation in the Transnational and Cross-Regional Infrastructure Projects in Africa – Opportunities and Challenges

3.30 – 4.45 pm Sessione 4: Nuova tecnologia per lo sviluppo

Presiede: Zhang Zhongxiang, Professor of the Shanghai Normal University

Oratori:

Hamidou Boly, Coordinator of TEAM Africa

Liang Yijian, Associate Professor, Yunnan University: Analysis on the Roadmap of Promoting China-Africa Development Cooperation in the Field of New Energies

Andrea Cuomo, Executive Vice President, STMicroelectronics

Ya’u Yunusa Zakari, Executive Director of the Center for Information Technology and Development, Nigeria: New Technologies and the Possibility of the African Decade for Development

Guo Ziqi, Vice President, StarTimes Group: The Role of Digital TV for African Development

Moi Hakim Dario Nyangamoi Lookolong, Honorary Director of the Association for Media Development in South Sudan: Financial Services Inclusion for the Un-Banked Republic of South Sudan

Antoine Some, Director, Sahel Institute

4.45 – 6.00 pm Tavola Rotonda Conclusiva

Presiede: Romano Prodi, Chairman of the Foundation for World Wide Cooperation and Special Envoy of the UN SG for the Sahel

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Scarica il Programma (in inglese)

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Scarica il documento distribuito ai partecipanti:
“Em-Powering Africa
The importance to face energy poverty“
redatto da Filippo Clo e Chiara Proietti
come contributo alla definizione di politiche energetiche innovative in Africa.

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Dai mass media:

• 24/10/2013 – Oggi la conferenza sull’Africa organizzata dalla Fondazione per la Collaborazione tra i Popoli di Prodi a Pechino
• 24/10/2013 – Prodi: la creazione di un mercato unico africano è precondizione per la crescita dell’intero Continente
• 25/10/2013 – Conferenza di Pechino: cooperazione e infrastrutture per la pace e lo sviluppo in Africa
• 25/10/2013 – L’impegno dell’economia cinese per la crescita africana: una grande responsabilità politica

25 October 2013, Beijing

Keynote Speech

Africa: 54 Countries, One Union

Excellencies, distinguished scholars,

The African continent is in a situation of political and economic transition, with some encouraging developments and some negative consequences.

Overall, the economic conditions are greatly improved: Africa is growing at unprecedented levels and in 2012 its GDP grew at 6.6%, compared to 3.5% in 2011.

This increase is partly due to the economic “reappearance” of Libya after its contraction in the aftermath of the 2011 civil war, but West Africa too led Africa’s growth, closely followed by Central Africa and East Africa.

However, there are also some critical situations. Two years after the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, social tensions and political violence continue to threat political order and human security.

Moreover, the two economic giants of the continent, Nigeria and South Africa, are facing difficult economic conditions.

Furthermore, despite some encouraging progress in many African countries, instability and armed conflict in West Africa and the Sahel region remain an issue of major concern for the local population and the international community.

As long as security is not restored, the economies of the region will remain vulnerable.

Most problems and conflicts in Africa have regional origins and require regional solutions. The conflict in Mali is a case in point; it is centered in Mali but has its origins and consequences in the Sahel region.

The Sahel, one of the poorest areas of the world, faces complex governance, humanitarian and development challenges. It is plagued by increasing presence of transnational criminal and terrorist organizations, which has resulted in the widespread flow of arms, drug trafficking and hostage taking.

Regional conflicts and civil unrest, like in Sahel, damage the economy in five main ways: they destroy resources, they jeopardize social order and institutional capacity, they divert public expenditures from productive activities to military expenses, they reduce capital stocks and drain financial and human capital.

In order to tackle these different problems what I suggest to do is to employ an innovative approach based on two different but complementary pillars: the first is a sort of “bottom” level approach towards economic and political development, and the second is a “top” level approach towards international cooperation in Africa.

Such an approach largely derives from my experience as UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Sahel.

Let us begin from the “bottom” level approach.

First of all, we should fight against the deadly connection between poverty and insecurity in Africa.

In doing so, however, we should not try to impose our models of development on African societies, but rather the starting point is to listen to the local people, to understand their priorities and to take account of their expectations. This will require, as we have already started to do in Sahel, an intense activity of consultation with the involvement of civil society, tribal and religious leaders, members of universities, women organizations, business, and local media.

The first step is to empower experts, local universities and governmental institutions, to discuss and draft their own plans for development. Their leadership, in the starting phase, is essential to ensure the ownership on their solutions.

The most important element of this bottom-up approach to development is to start with the involvement of the local populations in any economic project, especially the young generations.

If we fail to improve the economic situation of the young African population, the likelihood of criminal and terrorist activities spreading all over Africa will be high. We could be confronted with situations similar to what happened in Mali.

In regard to the “top-down” approach concerning international cooperation, I would like to begin by stressing that both as Prime Minister of Italy and, in particular, as President of the European Commission I have always believed in African integration and I financed the project of integration through the African Union.

Politically, I ran many risks for this support, especially when I decided through the African Peace Facility to finance the regional missions of the African Union.

I have always been close to the African Union because I am truly convinced that not only the development of Africa, but the dignity of African populations depends from the unity of the continent; a unity that can be organized in a variety of ways, probably around regional organizations that cooperate among each other.

Cooperation within Africa, however, should be complemented by an international framework of cooperation among those actors with significant interests in the African continent: from international organizations like the European Union, the United Nations, the World Bank, to states like the US, China, and many others.

The approach I am suggesting is significantly different from past and current practices, especially from those bilateral policies that most Western countries developed towards Africa in past decades.

Unlike these countries,China has developed a continental foreign and economic policy with interests and investments all over Africa.

China has been able to create a structure of relationship with Africa based on a variety of interests like energy and food security, and Beijing has heavily invested in sectors like mining, oil extraction, agriculture, public works, and manufacturing.

Moreover, for the first time in history, China exports goods, capital, technology, and people. Although Chinese migration in Africa cannot continue for a long time, because of the critical demographic situation of China, it is likely to go on for another generation.

Despite some critical conditions, there is no doubt that Chinese involvement in Africa has been beneficial for the African continent. Africa’s current economic growth, after a couple of “lost decades”, has certainly greatly profited by Chinese investments.

As I mentioned before, China has been, also, able to develop a continental policy based on diplomatic relationship with most African states.

In a way China has been the first country to understand that Africa will be the continent of the future: both in terms of population, economic growth, and security.

But in Africa China is not only in search of resources and interests to develop.

Beijing is also in search of soft power, because the Chinese leaders know very well that in international politics and economics hard power is not sufficient.

China’s presence in Africa and its search for soft power is potentially beneficial for a radical change in the relationship of the entire world with Africa.

Africa must be transformed from a region of competition between old and emerging powers into an area of cooperation for the benefit of the African continent and of the different African populations.

We should try to foster further cooperation over infrastructure and water supplies, in the Nile and Niger regions especially, which is potentially a source of political tension due to climate change and a rising African population.

If cooperation does not take place, sub-Saharan Africa and the Sahel region, especially, will remain the areas most vulnerable to economic disruption, civil conflict, political instability, and terrorism.

The situation in Sahel is particularly troubling: here we have some of the poorest countries in the world experiencing a rapid population growth, with increasing numbers of internally displaced people and refugees, combined with porous borders that jeopardize the very notion and reality of statehood.

Thus, transnational criminal activity and the presence of different terrorist organizations are not a coincidence, but rather the direct result of a variety of precarious conditions.

In order to respond to these challenges every major state has the duty to help the United Nations in the stabilization of the Sahel region. The help might be political and diplomatic; it might be either in financial resources or in kind. But again, every major state should contribute to eradicate poverty and insecurity.

We need also regional agreements among governments and non-state actors with the strong backing of the international community.

We should try also not only to solve the conflicts when they explode, but we should also try to interpret the rising tensions when they emerge.

Thus, competition must be avoided for the sake of Africa, but also for the interest of the international community.

Only by combining these innovative bottom-up and top-down approaches, we might find the path out of misery and instability. Only through more international and intra-African cooperation, peace and prosperity can be attained and maintained.

The complexity of such a project, which involves society and regional and international institutions, is a great challenge in itself. But only if we create a truly cooperation among African governments, civil society and international actors, we can guarantee to the populations of Africa, growth, peace and stability.

Before leaving the floor to authorities and scholars, let me thank once gain our “old” partners in the organization of this Conference, the Woodrow Wilson Centre, the Johns Hopkins University, the African Union and the United Nations. But a special mention, this time, goes to our Chinese hosts: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the Institute of West Asian and African Studies, which have greatly contributed to the organization of this conference.

I wish you a very productive conference!

24 October 2013, Beijing

Africa: 54 Countries, One Union

Opening Remarks

Excellencies, distinguished scholars,

It is my great pleasure to open the fourth and final conference “Africa: 54 Countries, One Union” here in China.

Being in Beijing for the final conference is not only a great honour for the present importance of China at the global level, but also because China is certainly to be the most important non-African country for the future of Africa.

Since 2010 the Foundation for World Wide Cooperation, in collaboration with the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, the School of Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University, the African Union, and the United Nations, has organized three international conferences with the goal of promoting the political and economic cooperation among African states.

For the organization of this fourth conference we have greatly benefitted from the sponsorship of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, and the help of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of West Asian and African Studies.

In 2010 we started in Bologna, and then we had a “walk” around the world. We touched some of the most important places for Africa’s growth and cooperation: Addis Ababa, where the headquarter of the African Union is located.

Then, Washington DC and now Beijing, the capitals of the United States and China: two states that are not only deeply involved in African economics, but which have also great political responsibilities towards the African continent and its growing populations.

Therefore, the different locations of the conferences were not chosen coincidentally, but reflected a particular approach towards the development of Africa.

One of the objectives of the conference series is to discuss, on the basis of the principle of African ownership, the adoption of a coordinated approach towards Africa by international actors such as the European Union, the United States, and China and international and regional institutions such as the African Union, the RECs, the African Development Bank, the United Nations, and the World Bank.

The main goal of the conference in Beijing is to discuss concrete project proposals, especially for those African regions, like Sahel, that have not gained, yet, from the recent growth of the continent.

The title of the conference – Africa 54 Countries: One Union – has never changed, because we still believe that cooperation and even integration among African countries is one of the main conditions for a broad development of the continent.

First of all, “54 Countries, One Union” means a physical union based on a common and modern infrastructure, which is a crucial element for the future growth of Africa.

A variety of recent studies have shown that that poor state of roads, rails and harbors can add from 30 to 40% to the cost of goods traded among African countries.

Infrastructure is an element that interests all economic sectors and all African states, thus requiring particular attention and cooperation among countries. Without an efficient and common infrastructure the economic gaps of Africa will never been overcome.

The lack of energy infrastructure is the most relevant barrier towards growth and higher living standards for African populations.

Indeed, two-thirds of Africans do not have regular access to electricity: something that I can describe only as a shocking statistics that reflects a grim reality.

In the area of energy, the use of new technology has a great potential, in particular for small scale solar energy projects at the community level. Solar energy can work effectively and quickly in areas where no grid is present because of a very low density of the population.

The use of the new technology might be critical in other areas such as water sanitation, mass vaccination of cattle with portable kits, information systems for market access of agricultural goods; distant medical control for first aid therapies by non-medical personnel, and distant learning for communities with no access to schools and teachers.

Apart from the problem of infrastructure, the title of the Conference Africa: 54 Countries, One Union means also economic integration. In particular, it means a real common African market.

Most African economies are still too small to work as efficient markets. If African countries want to become makers of their own destiny, they need to cooperate among each other and not to be afraid of opening their markets to other African economies.

A single African market is a pre-condition for continental growth. It is, especially, a pre-condition for a real manufacture industry based on the best-technologies, because only with a big continental market, more and more foreign capitals can be attracted.

Today, we know that some African countries are going towards a common market. But as it often happens, the results are likely to be limited and far from those expected and needed.

In order to create economies of scale, the physical barriers and market distortions that obstruct the development of Africa should be gradually removed. Here market integration is a potential solution.

I hope the issues discussed and the proposals presented at the conference, concerning both economic integration and common infrastructure, will contribute to both short and long term sustainable development.

I’m confident that this conference will develop ideas towards concrete projects, especially in light of the new technology that, if employed extensively, can change the economic and social reality of Africa.

Let me wish you a productive conference and let me thank our partners of the Woodrow Wilson Centre and the Johns Hopkins University. But this time, I would like to thank especially, for their hospitality and help in organizing this conference, our Chinese hosts, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of West Asian and African Studies.

Thank you!

GLI INTERVENTI ALLA CONFERENZA

(ricevuti al 30 maggio 2012)

Africa: 54 Paesi, Una Unione

Addis Ababa, 3-4 maggio, 2012

(la lingua ufficiale della conferenza è l’Inglese)

Organizzato da: Foundation for World Wide Cooperation

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

SAIS –Johns Hopkins University

In collaborazione con: African Union Commission

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

United Nations Office to the African Union

Prima giornata: 3 Maggio – Cerimonia di apertura

Presso: African Union Headquarters, New Conference Center, Roosvelt Street, Addis Ababa

4.30 PM – 5.00 PM – Benvenuto e avvio della conferenza

Erastus Mwencha, Deputy Chairperson, African Union Commission

Abdoulie Janneh, Executive Secretary, UN Economic Commission for Africa

Romano Prodi, President, Foundation for World Wide Cooperation

5.00 PM – 5.15 PM – Considerazioni di apertura

Steve McDonald, Director, Africa Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Prof. David Throup, SAIS – Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC

Plutarchos Sakellaris, Vice President, European Investment Bank

5.15 PM – 6.00 PM – Punti di vista dal Mondo

Amb. Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs

Amb. Gary Quince, EU Special Representative for the African Union

Reuben E. Brigety II, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs, US State Dept.

Amb. Liu Guijin, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of People’s Republic of China

6.00 PM – Intervento

Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia

Seconda giornata: 4 maggio

Presso: UN Economic Commission for Africa, Menelik II Avenue, Addis Ababa

9.30 AM – 10.30AM

Considerazioni di apertura: chaired by Joseph Atta-Mensah, UN Economic Commission for Africa

Steve McDonald, Director, Africa Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Prof. Winrich Kühne, SAIS-Bologna Center, Johns Hopkins University

Zachary Muburi-Muita, Special Representative of the UN SG to the AU, UN Office to the AU African Union Commissioner

Ambassador Isabel Cristina de Azevedo Heyvaert, Embassy of Brazil

Ambassador U. Kenan Ipek, Turkish Ambassador

Ambassador Odd-Inge Kvalheim, African Union Partners Group

10.30 AM – 10.45 AM Intervallo

10.45 AM – 12.15 PM Prima sessione: Pace, Sicurezza e Sviluppo

Presidenza:

Zachary Muburi-Muita, UN Office to the AU

Co-presidenza:

Michael A. Battle, US Ambassador to African Union

Oratori (10’):

Dr. Kambudzi Admore Mupoki, Secretary, Peace& Security Council of the African Union

Amb. Olusegun Akinsanya, Director, Institute for Security Studies, Addis Ababa

Intervengono (5’):

Margaret Carey, United Nations Department of Peacekeeping

Amb. Joseph Nsengimana, Ambassador of Rwanda

Prof. Winrich Kühne, SAIS-Bologna Center, Johns Hopkins University

Discussione: Libero dibattito fra tutti i partecipanti invitati

Conclusioni: Presidenza e co-presidenza

12.15 AM- 1.30 PM Seconda sessione: Infrastrutture ed Investimenti

Presidenza:

Joseph Atta-Mensah, UN Economic Commission for Africa

Co-presidenza:

Andrew Roberts, Snr. Operations Officer for Regional Integration, World Bank

Oratori (10’):

Plutarchos Sakellaris, Vice President, European Investment Bank

Stefano Bologna, Managing Director, International Centre for Science and Technology, UNIDO

Amb. Liu Guijin, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Intervengono (5’):

Raja Jandhyala, Deputy Assistant Administrator, USAID

Peter Ondiege, Chief Research Economist, African Development Bank

Paolo Gonella Pacchiotti, Snr. Director, Business Development +ST Microelectronics

Discussione: Libero dibattito fra tutti i partecipanti invitati

Conclusioni: Presidenza e co-presidenza

1.30 PM– 3.00 PM Pranzo

3.00 PM – 4.30 PM Terza sessione: Commercio e Mercati

Presidenza:

African Union Commission

Co-presidenza

David Throup, SAIS-Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC

Oratori (10’):

African Union Commission

Raja Jandhyala, Deputy Assistant Administrator, USAID

Intervengono (5’):

Stefano Bologna, Managing Director, International Centre for Science and Technology, UNIDO

Amb. Gary Quince, EU Special Representative to the African Union

Discussione: Libero dibattito fra tutti i partecipanti invitati

Conclusioni: Presidenza e co-presidenza

4.30 PM – 5.30 PM Tavola Rotonda e Considerazioni Conclusive

Partecipano: Alti rappresentanti da AU, UN, US, EU, China, Brazil, Turkey, India, WWC Foundation, WW Center, SAIS-JHU, African regional organizations, WB, ADB, EBRD, EIB, WTO, UNIDO, etc.

Scarica il Programma della conferenza

Logistica e accrediti per i giornalisti

Rassegna stampa di Vincenzo Giardina inviato di Misna ad Addis Abeba

AD ADDIS ABEBA, PER UN CONTINENTE PIÙ UNITO

(Misna) – L’integrazione come presupposto per la pace e lo sviluppo sostenibile del continente è oggi e domani il tema al centro di una conferenza ad Addis Abeba, organizzata dalla Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli con il sostegno dell’Unione Africana e della Commissione economica dell’Onu per l’Africa.

In una nota diffusa dalla Fondazione, guidata dall’ex presidente della Commissione europea e primo ministro italiano Romano Prodi, si sottolinea che l’incontro “Africa: 54 Paesi, una unione” è il terzo di uno stesso ciclo. Ad Addis Abeba, come l’anno scorso a Washington e nel 2010 a Bologna, si discuterà di pace, di infrastrutture continentali e di regole necessarie a un funzionamento equilibrato del mercato.

La conferenza dovrebbe essere aperta da un discorso del primo ministro dell’Etiopia, Meles Zenawi. In programma ci sono interventi del vice-presidente della Commissione dell’Unione Africana, Erastus Mwencha, e del segretario esecutivo della Commissione economica dell’Onu per l’Africa, Abdoulie Janneh. Per l’Unione Europea ci sarà il commissario allo Sviluppo, Andris Piebalgs. A rappresentare l’Italia, oltre a Prodi, sarà il ministro degli Esteri Giulio Terzi.

ADDIS ABEBA, INTEGRAZIONE STRUMENTO DI PACE

(Misna) – “Le infrastrutture e il commercio interafricano sono la chiave di una crescita economica diffusa e un formidabile strumento di pace”: lo ha detto il vice-presidente della commissione dell’Unione Africana (UA) Erastus Mwencha in apertura dei lavori della Conferenza internazionale di Addis Abeba, organizzata dalla Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli con il sostegno dell’Unione Africana e della Commissione economica dell’Onu per l’Africa (Uneca).

“Pace, sicurezza e sviluppo – ha aggiunto Mwencha – sono elementi fondamentali, strettamente interrelati, nonostante la politica continui spesso a trattarli separatamente. Senza integrazione e sviluppo non ci può essere pace e sicurezza. L’Africa ha la maglia nera per il tasso del commercio tra i suoi paesi fermo al 10 o al 13%, mentre in Europa è al 30%. Ma l’Africa ha anche grandi potenzialità, ha risorse minerarie e una popolazione giovane”.

Una posizione, quella di Mwencha, condivisa dal segretario esecutivo della Uneca, Abdoulaye Janneh. “Per un’economia più integrata – ha detto Janneh – servono armonizzazione delle politiche commerciali, sviluppo delle infrastrutture per favorire la libera circolazione dei beni e delle persone, ed eliminazione di alcune sacche di violenza”. Uno spazio economico africano “sempre più ampio e aperto” ha aggiunto Meles Zenawi, primo ministro dell’Etiopia, “è una condizione necessaria” per crescere anche se “le attuali infrastrutture sono totalmente inadeguate a sostenere lo sviluppo nei singoli paesi”.

Per l’ex presidente della Commissione europea e primo ministro italiano Romano Prodi “le infrastrutture sono il preludio per la pace e lo sviluppo dell’Africa”. Con infrastrutture adeguate, ha aggiunto Prodi ora alla guida della Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli, “il prodotto interno lordo può crescere del 2% ogni anno”.

Prodi ha poi sottolineato alcune problematiche: “Più del 50% degli africani non ha elettricità e i due terzi della popolazione rurale non ha accesso a strade. C’è un lato politico necessario per l’integrazione: il gap finanziario per la realizzazione delle infrastrutture può essere colmato con la collaborazione tra gli Stati africani, le agenzie multilaterali, l’Onu, l’Unione Europea, gli Stati Uniti e la Cina. Da presidente della commissione dell’Unione Europea – ha concluso – ho conosciuto bene le difficoltà del cammino di integrazione ma questo è solo un motivo in più per andare avanti”.

A ribadire, infine, come pace e sviluppo vadano di pari passo è stato il ministro degli Esteri italiano Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata: “Economie interdipendenti – ha detto Terzi – rendono le guerre impossibili. L’integrazione è il primo motore di sviluppo. L’integrazione fu alla base dell’Unione Europea ed è un cammino che vale oggi per l’Africa. È cruciale il commercio interafricano, bisogna levare i dazi, cancellare le barriere ma anche puntare sullo sviluppo delle infrastrutture”.

ADDIS ABEBA, LA PACE SOLO CON IL RISPETTO DEL MONDO

(Misna) – Il mondo ha bisogno della pace in Africa e per questo deve riconoscere all’Africa il diritto di decidere e coordinare gli interventi, politici o militari, a sostegno della pace: è uno dei messaggi che arrivano dalla conferenza organizzata ad Addis Abeba dalla Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli.

“La pace in Africa – ha sottolineato El Ghasim Wane, direttore del dipartimento dell’Unione Africana (UA) per la pace e la sicurezza – è un bene per il mondo intero: con un miliardo di abitanti, il continente può essere un mercato fondamentale”.

Un contrasto efficace ai conflitti che ostacolano lo sviluppo, però, presuppone una nuova solidarietà politica a livello globale. “Le grandi potenze e le organizzazioni multilaterali – ha aggiunto El Ghasim – devono rendersi conto che a guidare devono essere gli africani: inefficaci e deboli, forse, ma i soli in grado di risolvere le crisi del loro continente”.

Incoraggianti, è stato sottolineato ad Addis Abeba, sono i cambiamenti intervenuti negli ultimi anni nei rapporti tra l’Onu e l’Unione Africana. Secondo Margaret Carey, responsabile del dipartimento delle Nazioni Unite per le missioni di peacekeeping, al Palazzo di Vetro si è fatta strada una nuova consapevolezza delle potenzialità delle organizzazioni regionali del continente. “Quando alla metà degli anni ’90 in Liberia c’era la guerra civile – ha evidenziato la Carey – il Consiglio di sicurezza dell’Onu si rifiutò di finanziare una missione a guida africana; ora stanzia fondi per le operazioni di peacekeeping dell’UA in Somalia e riconosce la centralità della mediazione di questo organismo nel conflitto tra Sudan e Sud Sudan”.

Nella seconda e ultima giornata della conferenza, d’altra parte, esperti e diplomatici hanno sottolineato che il cammino verso la pace resta pieno di ostacoli. Più che ai casi specifici dei due Sudan o delle crisi in Mali e Guinea Bissau, tornate ieri al centro di un incontro della Comunità economica degli Stati dell’Africa occidentale (Ecowas/Cedeao), ad Addis Abeba si sono analizzate difficoltà strutturali. Secondo Joseph Nsengimana, ambasciatore del Rwanda presso l’UA, uno dei problemi principali restano le divisioni politiche all’interno del continente. “La mancanza di unità e l’incoerenza tra i governi – ha sostenuto il diplomatico – è apparsa evidente durante la crisi post-elettorale in Costa d’Avorio e la guerra civile in Libia: in questo modo l’Africa è esclusa dalle scelte che la riguardano di più”.

L’incontro di Addis Abeba è stato organizzato in collaborazione con l’Unione Africana e la Commissione economica dell’Onu per l’Africa (Uneca). Il titolo della conferenza è “Africa: 54 Stati, una unione”.

UNITÀ PER LO SVILUPPO: UN APPELLO DA ADDIS ABEBA

(Misna) – “L’Africa deve unirsi”: si è conclusa con questo appello, nel ricordo di un celebre discorso pronunciato 50 anni fa dal primo presidente del Ghana e padre del panafricanismo Nkwame Nkrumah, la conferenza organizzata ad Addis Abeba dalla Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli.

A pochi giorni dal decimo anniversario della trasformazione dell’Organizzazione dell’Unità Africana (OUA) nell’attuale Unione Africana (UA), dirigenti politici, esperti e diplomatici hanno ribadito oggi che l’integrazione è l’unica via per costruire la pace e lo sviluppo economico-sociale.

A questo secondo obiettivo è stata dedicata la parte conclusiva dell’incontro, focalizzata sugli ostacoli nel cammino da percorrere ma anche sui risultati raggiunti nel corso di un processo di integrazione che l’anno prossimo compirà mezzo secolo.

Secondo Joseph Atta-Mensah, direttore della Commissione economica dell’Onu per l’Africa (Uneca), le parole di Nkrumah valgono più che mai in un mondo multipolare dove entro 15 anni le potenze emergenti garantiranno oltre la metà della crescita globale. “L’Africa – ha sottolineato Atta-Mensah – è di fronte a una scelta: vuole restare divisa o trovare un suo posto in questa nuova realtà?”.

Durante la conferenza il riconoscimento delle difficoltà dell’integrazione economica e politica si è accompagnato a quello del dinamismo e delle speranze che stanno attraversando il continente. “L’Africa – ha detto Kenan Ipek, ambasciatore della Turchia presso l’UA – sta crescendo: negli ultimi anni è diventata un centro di attrazione per molti paesi”. Dal 2009 a oggi il numero delle ambasciate di Ankara in Africa è aumentato da 12 a 33 e l’importanza attribuita dalla Turchia al continente è confermata dalla crescita degli scambi commerciali e dal moltiplicarsi delle rotte aeree. Di un rapido intensificarsi dei rapporti con l’Africa, non solo con le ex-colonie portoghesi, ha parlato anche l’ambasciatrice del Brasile presso l’UA. “Dal 2002 – ha detto Isabel Cristina de Azevedo Heyvaert – gli scambi tra il Brasile e l’Africa sono quadruplicati, raggiungendo un valore di 26 miliardi di dollari grazie a investimenti nelle materie prime, nell’agricoltura e nelle costruzioni”.

Come nella prima giornata della conferenza, anche oggi il tema dello sviluppo si è intrecciato a quello della pace. Le speranze del futuro, è stato sottolineato, devono tener conto dell’inevitabile gradualità di ogni progresso duraturo. “In Asia – ha detto Wane El Ghasim, direttore del dipartimento dell’UA per la pace e la sicurezza – molti paesi sono usciti da una condizione di povertà solo 20 o 30 anni dopo la fine dei conflitti armati: ci vorrà tempo anche in Africa, ma questo è un motivo in più per impegnarsi al massimo”.

Considerazioni introduttive di Romano Prodi alla conferenza  “Africa: 54 Paesi, Una Unione“.

3 Maggio 2012, Addis Ababa

Honourable Prime Minister Meles, honourable Ministers, Ambassadors, authorities, dear friends, after the interest raised by the conferences in Bologna and Washington, it’s my great pleasure to open the third conference “Africa: 54 Countries, One Union”.

Let me begin by pointing out that peace is still fragile in the African continent.

The hopes raised by the Arab Spring have not been fulfilled yet. Instability is affecting Libya, and Egypt is still struggling for a new political order. Moreover, open conflict in Syria is a matter of great concern not only for the security of the Middle East, but for the stability of the entire Mediterranean region.

Old conflicts, like in Somalia, are still ongoing and they seem unlikely to be resolved in the near future.

New conflicts, such as between Sudan and South Sudan, are now threatening to open new spirals of violence and instability at the local and regional levels.

Additional preoccupations emerge from the increasing number of religious tensions all over Africa, which are exploited by terrorist organizations and sectarian groups.

Today, more than ever, there is a need for a strong African Union, capable of acting as an neutral intermediary among the conflicting parties.

While the AU has achieved many successes, it is still in need of help due to a variety of limits, such as inadequate financial resources.

Every state, every institution and every international organization should help the African Union in achieving its goals.

Because of my experience as the President of the European Commission, I know very well the difficulties in creating integration and cooperative links among nations.

The road toward integration is a long and difficult way, but this is only a more compelling reason to go towards this direction.

By keeping in mind that the problems of peace and security in the African continent are far from having been overcome, I would like to focus on a different but related issue: the role of infrastructure for the economic, political and social development of Africa and her populations.

Indeed I deeply believe that infrastructures are a precondition for fostering peace, development and the unity of Africa.

The present economic fragmentation of the Africa continent is unfavorable to sustained development. The creation of greater markets is a key element for the economic growth of Africa.

This point has been recognized and endorsed in the January 2011 African Union Summit, which has recommended the establishment of a Continental Free Trade Area in Africa.

This is certainly good news because continental integration can strongly contribute to create more efficient markets, foster economic growth, and increase income and living conditions in Africa.

This is exactly what happened in Europe since the 1950s. And I like to stress that at the beginning market integration produced fears in European populations and in their policymakers, but now no one raises criticism about the European common market.

However, as European history teaches, in order to fully benefit from market integration, Africa needs regional and continental infrastructure, which is capable of transforming numerous isolated economies in a real Union.

On this point, we should also keep in mind that the tremendous economic growth of China over the last two decades has been the result of huge investments in domestic infrastructure.

In Africa a variety of important infrastructures have been created in recent times.

For the sake of simplicity we might distinguish between infrastructures that need a centralized investment and those infrastructures that are created in a decentralized way without state and international intervention.

Mobile telephony, which has had a huge penetration in Africa, is a typical example of decentralized infrastructure that has been created without the need of any state intervention.

But not all decentralized infrastructures, can be left to the natural work of the market.

Indeed there is a need of better financing instruments for other fundamental decentralized infrastructures like electric energy, water supplies, and credit services in rural areas.

Over 60 percent of Africans are not connected to electricity. This situation can be significantly improved if we help people in rural areas to obtain solar panels that can produce electricity at local level.

In other words, we must make an effort to spread this relative low-cost technology through incentives and better credit services.

In relation, instead, to infrastructures that need centralized investments, we need to point out that Africa has still a low infrastructure ratio relative to other developing regions of the world.

Two thirds of the region’s rural populations have no access to roads. Flight connections between African capitals are still difficult. Sometimes it is even easier to flight among those capitals from Europe.

Despite great mobile telephony penetration, only 13 percent of Africans are connected to the internet.

Africa needs to build regional infrastructure that will promote inclusive growth and integration, and will create large and competitive economic areas that are attractive to investors and might lead to increased employment and mobility of people across borders.

When I speak of continental and regional infrastructure, however, I mean more than roads and sanitation.

Africa is in great need of regional logistic networks connecting airports and railways to industrial and agricultural districts.

African firms could achieve productivity gains approximately of 40 percent with adequate infrastructure. And GDP growth could be increased by 2 per cent per year.

Regions that are well connected by transportation, information and communication technology will increase also social inclusion. There is strong evidence of the positive relationship between investment in infrastructure and growth in GDP per capita.

Of particular importance are those infrastructure meant to manage the problem of water scarcity, which is a issue likely to increase in the near future.

We should, especially, try to foster further cooperation over water supplies, such as the Nile region, which is potentially object of political tension due to climate change and a rising African population.

Clearly, this needs huge investments because we cannot achieve this goal if we don’t heavily invest in new irrigation technologies.

Although water wars have been a rare phenomenon in history, building regional infrastructures over water supplies can eliminate the risk of future conflicts.

While infrastructure is critical for economic growth, financial support is critical for infrastructure.

Let me quote some significant data on the present financial problems concerning African infrastructure.

Around 93 billion of dollars are required annually to finance infrastructure in Africa, but current expenditure is only 45 billion dollars.

With a potential efficiency saving estimated to 17 billion, we might assess the current financial gap being 31 billion dollars.

Regardless of its economic and technical nature, the problem of financing regional infrastructure has also a political face. Developing the necessary infrastructure depends not only from financial resources but also by political will.

Indeed the present financial gap can be further reduced through cooperation among African states, donors and developing agencies.

Building regional and continental infrastructure, indeed, requires not only improved coordination among a number of African states and institutions, but also depends from cooperation among development agencies and a variety of international actors such as the United Nations, the European Union, the United States and China, and all countries with deep interests in the African continent.

Today we are exactly here to help working together on this issue.

Coordination is crucial if we want to avoid that donors and institutions focus on their own agendas, regardless of the real needs of African economic actors and populations.

Hence, we need to create a more comprehensive and coordinated approach based on complementarities among states and development institutions.

Only by doing so, we might find the path out of poverty and instability. Only through more international and African cooperation, peace and economic prosperity can be achieved.

I’m confident that this conference will develop a message able to produce ideas for concrete proposals to be presented at the next and final conference in Beijing, which the Chinese government has kindly offered to organize.

Let me, finally, wish you a productive conference and let me thank our partners of the Woodrow Wilson Centre and the Johns Hopkins University. I would like also to thank the African Union once again for hosting this opening ceremony today, UNECA for hosting us tomorrow, and the United Nations Office to the African Union for their great support.

Thank you my friends!

Copertina Economia e politica – Africa
LA SPERANZA INIZIO DI UN CAMMINO

Intervista di Vincenzo Giardina a Romano Prodi su Misna del 4 maggio 2012

“Di nuovo, in Africa, c’è la speranza” dice Romano Prodi guardando il grattacielo da 125 milioni di dollari che i cinesi hanno voluto ad Addis Abeba come simbolo di un impegno necessario per l’unità e lo sviluppo del continente.

Da questa torre di acciaio che tocca il cielo sull’altipiano etiopico, divenuto a gennaio la nuova sede dell’Unione Africana, l’ex presidente del Consiglio e della Commissione europea è appena uscito. Con la sua Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli, ha coordinato i lavori di una conferenza intitolata “Africa: 54 Stati, una unione”. Il messaggio è che pace, sicurezza e sviluppo economico-sociale sono la stessa cosa e si chiamano integrazione. È un messaggio rivolto anche all’Europa, che dopo aver accolto con entusiasmo le primavere arabe si è voltata dall’altra parte. Nonostante in gioco ci sia anche il suo futuro.

Professore, cosa hanno in comune l’integrazione dell’Europa e quella dell’Africa?

“L’Africa è ancora il più grande problema del mondo. È il continente più povero, con gli indici più arretrati. Ma cosa c’è finalmente oggi? C’è la speranza. D’improvviso. Anche se non possono mettere a posto la situazione, perché il punto di partenza è molto basso, anni di sviluppo hanno dato all’Africa la speranza. E la speranza è la più grande risorsa che esista. È lo stesso sentimento che fece fare un balzo in avanti all’Europa negli anni ’50. Cosa c’era allora? La speranza di potersi risollevare dopo una guerra tragica. Oggi l’Africa ha la speranza di potersi rialzare dopo secoli di umiliazione”.

L’economista africana Dambisa Moyo sostiene che la crisi dell’Europa e le difficoltà degli Stati Uniti rischiano di colpire anche a sud del Sahara. È una visione pessimista?

“Oggi lo sviluppo del mondo è di una semplicità estrema. L’Asia e l’Africa si sviluppano forte, gli Stati Uniti un po’, l’Europa niente. Non ha senso mettersi a dissertare perché il tasso di crescita del Prodotto interno lordo della Cina è diminuito dal 9 all’8%. L’Africa non dà segnali di cedimento. Il suo tasso di sviluppo non è ‘cinese’ ma resta assai più alto di quello americano ed europeo. L’ipotesi della Moyo è che, se tutto crolla, crolla anche l’Africa. Non è il modo di ragionare. Oggi l’Africa attraversa un periodo di buona crescita. Questo conta ben poco se si considera da quanto in basso parte il continente. Ci vorranno decenni perché le conseguenze dello sviluppo si sentano. Ma il fatto che sia cominciato ha messo in moto la speranza. Nelle città dell’Africa si vede l’inizio di qualcosa di nuovo, politiche per le infrastrutture, per l’energia, la scuola. Tutto questo però finirà presto se non ci sarà una solidarietà politica. È essenziale realizzare un mercato comune e infrastrutture che mettano insieme le economie dei singoli paesi. Non si deve essere pessimisti o ottimisti per definizione. Bisogna notare con piacere le novità positive che ci sono e operare perché diventino durature”.

Cosa resta delle speranze suscitate dalle primavere arabe?

“Non possiamo ancora dire che quelle speranze siano state del tutto rese vane. La democrazia egiziana è lenta ad affermarsi. Alle elezioni presidenziali mancano poche settimane e al Cairo ci sono tensioni ogni giorno. La Libia è un paese frammentato, pieno di armi, dove è difficile creare strutture di sicurezza comuni. Non possiamo essere ottimisti, ma quello delle primavere arabe non è ancora un processo perduto. In fondo la Tunisia sta riprendendo il suo cammino in modo democratico, dimostrando che gli obiettivi della rivoluzione possono essere raggiunti. Finora è un bilancio con molte ombre e qualche luce. Bisogna sottolineare che l’Europa ha accolto con entusiasmo le primavere arabe ma ha fatto ben poco per aiutarne l’evoluzione positiva”.

E a sud del Sahara cosa succede?

“La paura è che le turbolenze libiche si ripercuotano in Mali e in altre aree del continente. Per ora si è trattato di episodi locali ma degni di preoccupata attenzione. Nel complesso, però, lo sviluppo sta dando coraggio alla gente. Gli africani non si dichiarano più perdenti per definizione. È già qualcosa”.

FONDAZIONE PER LA COLLABORAZIONE TRA I POPOLI

COMUNICATO STAMPA

“Africa. 54 Paesi, una Unione”. Dal 3 al 4 maggio ad Addis Abeba la terza Conferenza

Si terrà ad Addis Abeba dal 3 al 4 maggio la terza Conferenza internazionale del ciclo “Africa 54 Paesi, una Unione”, promossa dalla Fondazione per la collaborazione tra i popoli presieduta dal Professor Romano Prodi, in collaborazione con il Woodrow Wilson Center e Johns Hopkins University di Washington.

Alla realizzazione della Conferenza, che rappresenta il terzo appuntamento internazionale sui temi dell?integrazione africana come pre-condizione per una vera pace ed uno sviluppo pienamente sostenibile del Continente, hanno inoltre collaborato la Commissione Economica per l’Africa delle Nazioni Unite e l’Unione Africana.

La prima Conferenza si è svoltan a Bologna nel 2010 e la seconda a Washington nel 2011: ad entrambi gli appuntamenti hanno preso parte Capi di Stato africani, massimi rappresentanti dell’Onu, dell’Unione Africana, dell’Unione Europea, delle banche internazionali e di altri organismi internazionali interessati al progresso del Continente. Anche quest’anno sono previsti interventi di alto livelli sui temi della pace, delle infrastrutture regionali e continentali e sulle regole del mercato.

I giornalisti e fotocineoperatori interessati all’evento dovranno accreditarsi comunicando la propria partecipazione al seguente indirizzo mail: ufficiostampa@fondazionepopoli.org

Per contatti telefonici rivolgersi al dr. Gianluca Garro, +393400622182 ( g.garro@hotmail.it )

Qui di seguito sono disponibili le informazioni logistiche utili a raggiungere le sedi dell’evento e suggerimenti sul visto, necessario al soggiorno in Etiopia, sui trasporti e sugli alberghi disponibili in città.

Bologna, 18 aprile 2012

SEDI DELLA CONFERENZA

Primo giorno: 3 maggio 2012

African Union Headquarters
P.O. Box 3243
Roosvelt Street (Old Airport Area) W21K19
Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
Tel: (251) 11 551 77 00
Fax:(251) 11 551 78 44

Secondo giorno: 4 MAGGIO 2012

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
Menelik II Ave.
P.O. Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tel: 251-11-551 7200
Cable: ECA ADDIS ABABA
Fax: 251-11-551 4416 (Addis Ababa)

TRASPORTI PUBBLICI

I bus pubblici dell’ Anbessa City Bus Service Enterprise sono reperibili ovunque a cominciare dall’aereoporto.

Sono disponibili inoltre i taxi della “Blue and white share taxis”, che dispone di diversi minivan per un massimo di 12 posti. Nel taxi oltre al conducente viaggia un “weyala”, una sorta di controllore che riscuote il pagamento e indica la direzione finale della corsa.

Sono disponibili ovunque in città giorno e notte i “Lada Taxi” . E’raccomandato negoziare il prezzo della corsa prima di usufruire della stessa.

HOTELS ADDIS ABEBA

Hilton Addis Ababa

TEL. +251 11 517 0000
Mail: Hiltonaddis@telecom.net.et

Sheraton Addis Hotel

TEL. +25115518400

Mail: Reservationaddisethiopia@luxurycollection.com

Ararate Hotel
TEL. +251 01461166 – +25101461227

ararat-hotel@telecom.net

Axum Hotel
tel. +25101614265
Axum.d@telecom.net.et

GG.Royal Hotel
TEL. +251 09404541 +25109211135
ggroyalhotel@telecom.net.et

Jerusalem Hotel
TEL. +251 01551712
jerry@telecom.net.et

INFORMAZIONI PER IL VISTO PER L’ETIOPIA

Il Visto viene rilasciato presso l’ambasciata d’Etiopia a Roma :

Via Andrea Vesalio, 16-18
00161 Roma, Italia

Telefono: +390644 16 16 1 (Reception)
+39 0644 16 16 306 (Reception)
Fax: +39 0644 03 676
+390644 29 17 15 (Sezione Consolare)

Sono necessarie due foto tessera recenti e il passaporto con scadenza oltre i prossimi 6 mesi.

L’Ambasciata rilascia il visto (turistico) nell’arco dello stesso giorno in cui viene effettuata la richiesta.

Ulteriori informazioni al sito www.ethiopianembassy.it